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Sun Y., et al.: Pneumatic Lithotripsy versus Laser Lithotripsy in the Endoscopic Treatment of Ureteral Calculi; J Endourol 2001; 15; 587-90

Holmium laser lithotripsy has turned out to be more effective and safer than the use of a

pneumatic lithotripter in direct comparison with statistical significance.

Song Soo Jeon et al.: A Comparison of Holmium: YAG Laser with Lithoclast Lithotripsy in Ureteral Calculi Fragmentation; Int J of Urology 2005; 12: 544-547

Ho: YAG lithotripsy had shorter operation time and postoperative hospitalization period as

lithoclast lithotripsy. The immediate stone free rate for the laser is higher and the complication

rate is lower.

P.K. Gupta: is the Holmium: YAG Laser the Best Intracorporeal Lithotripter for the Ureter? A 3-Year Retrospective Study; J Endourol 2007; 21(3); 305-309

This review paper reports about the treatment of 15636 ureteral stones altogether with a

success rate of >90% and low morbidity rate.

G.M. Preminger: Management of Lower Pole Renal Calculi:Shock Wave Lithotripsy versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotompy versus Flexible Uretroscopy; Urol Res 2006; 34; 108-111

Usually ESWL and percutaneous stone removal are used for lower pole renal calucli. Preminger

describes Ho: YAG laser treatment now also as a routine treatment option for lower pole renal

calculi in his office, especially for patients with bleeding diatheses, renal anomalies, solitary

kidneys or morbid obesity.

S. Pierre et al.: Holmium Laser for Stone Management: World J Urol 2007; 25(3); 235-9

This paper explains holmium laser physics, the effect of stone fragmentation and current

endourologic laser lithotripsy applications.

Bagley D. and Erhard M.: Use of the Holmium Laser in the Upper Urinary Tract; Techniques in Urology 1 (1995) 25-30

The paper describes different techniques to fragment stones with the Ho: YAG laser. Also

tumor treatments and incisions in the proximal ureter were explained.

Bladder Tumor

H.A. Syed et al.: Holmium YAG laser Treatment of Recurrent Superficial Bladder Carcinoma: initial Clinical Experience; Journal of Endourology (2001); 15(6); 625-627

The holmium laser allows effective bloodless bladder tumor destruction.

Stricture

Matsuoka, K. et al: Endoscopic antegrade laser incision in the treatment of urethral stricture; Urology 60(6)(2002), 968-972

The urethral stricture ws terated by antegrade laser incision with a Ho:YAG laser in 31 cases.

The success rate was 74%.